Kisah Nyata dari Singapura tentang Penghormatan kepada Orangtua

Terlampir di bawah ini adalah Kisah Nyata dari Negeri tetangga beberapa
dekade lalu yang cukup menghebohkan hingga Perdana Menteri saat itu, Lee
Kwan Yew senior turun tangan dan mengeluarkan dekrit tentang orang
lansia di Singapura.

Dikisahkan ada orang kaya raya di sana mantan Pengusaha sukses yang
mengundurkan diri dari dinia bisnis ketika istrinya meninggal dunia.
Jadilah ia single parent yang berusaha membesarkan dan mendidik dengan
baik anak laki-laki satu-satunya hingga mampu mandiri dan menjadi
seorang Sarjana.

Kemudian setelah anak semata wayangnya tersebut menikah, ia minta ijin
kepada ayahnya untuk tinggal bersama di Apartemen Ayahnya yang mewah dan
besar. Dan ayahnya pun dengan senang hati mengijinkan anak menantunya
tinggal ber-sama2 dengannya. Terbayang dibenak orangtua tersebut bahwa
apartment nya yang luas dan mewah tersebut tidak akan sepi, terlebih
jika ia mempunya cucu. Betapa bahagianya hati bapak tersebut bisa
berkumpul dan membagi kebahagiaan dengan anak dan menantunya.

Pada mulanya terjadi komunikasi yang sangat baik antara
Ayah-Anak-Menantu yang membuat Ayahnya yang sangat mencintai anak
tunggalnya itu tersebut tanpa sedikitpun ragu-ragu menghibahkan seluruh
harta kekayaan termasuk apartment yang mereka tinggali, dibaliknamakan
ke anaknya itu melalui Notaris terkenal di sana.

Tahun-tahun berlalu, seperti biasa, masalah klasik dalam rumah tangga,
jika anak menantu tinggal seatap dengan orang tua, entah sebab mengapa,
suatu hari mereka bertengkar hebat, yang pada akhirnya, anaknya tega
mengusir sang Ayah keluar dari apartment mereka yang ia warisi dari Ayahnya.

Karena seluruh hartanya, Apartemen, Saham, Deposito, Emas dan uang tunai
sudah diberikan kepada anaknya, mulai hari itu dia menjadi pengemis di
Orchard Rd. Bayangkan, orang kaya mantan pebisnis yang cukup terkenal di
Singapura tersebut, tiba-tiba menjadi pengemis!

Suatu hari, tanpa disengaja melintas mantan teman bisnisnya dulu dan
memberikan sedekah, dia langsung mengenali si ayah ini dan menanyakan
kepadanya, apakah ia teman bisnisnya dulu. Tentu saja, si ayah malu dan
menjawab bukan, mungkin Anda salah orang, katanya.

Akan tetapi temannya curiga dan yakin, bahwa orang tua yang mengemis di
Orchad Road itu adalah temannya yang sudah beberapa lama tidak ada kabar
beritanya. Kemudian, temannya ini mengabarkan hal ini kepada teman2-nya
yang lain, dan mereka akhirnya bersama-sama mendatangi si Ayah.

Semua mantan sahabat karibnya tersebut langsung yakin bahwa pengemis tua
itu adalah Mantan pebisnis kaya yang dulu mereka kenal. Dan dihadapan
para sahabatnya, si ayah dengan menangis ter-sedu2, dia menceritakan
semua kejadian yang sudah dialaminya. Maka, terjadilah kegemparan di
sana, karena semua orangtua di sana merasa sangat marah terhadap anak
yang sangat tidak bermoral itu.

Kegemparan berita tersebut akhirnya terdengar sampai ke telinga PM Lee
Kwan Yew Senior.

PM Lee sangat marah dan langsung memanggil anak dan menantu durhaka
tersebut. K Mereka dimaki-maki dan dimarahi habis-habisan oleh PM Lee
dan PM Lee mengatakan "Sungguh sangat memalukan bahwa di Singapura ada
anak durhaka seperti mereka" .

Lalu PM Lee memanggil sang Notaris dan saat itu juga surat hibah itu
dibatalkan demi hukum! Dan surat hibah yang sudah baliknama ke atas nama
anaknya tersebut disobek-sobek oleh PM Lee. Sehingga semua harta milik
yang sudah dihibahkan tersebut kembali ke atas nama Ayahnya, bahkan anak
menantu itu sejak saat itu dilarang masuk ke Apartment ayahnya.

Mr Lee Kwan Yew ini ternyata terkenal sebagai orang yang sangat berbakti
kepada orangtuanya dan menghargai para lanjut usia (lansia). Sehingga,
agar kejadian serupa tidak terulang lagi, Mr Lee mengeluarkan
Kebijakan/Dekrit yaitu "Larangan kepada para orangtua untuk tidak
menghibahkan harta bendanya kepada siapapun sebelum mereka meninggal.

Kemudian, agar para lansia itu tetap dihormati dan dihargai hingga akhir
hayatnya, maka dia buat Kebijakan berupa Dekrit lagi, yaitu agar semua
Perusahaan Negara dan swasta di Singapura memberi pekerjaan kepada para
lansia. Agar para lansia ini tidak tergantung kepada anak menantunya dan
mempunyai penghasilan sendiri dan mereka sangat bangga bisa memberi
angpao kepada cucu-cucunya dari hasil keringat mereka sendiri selama 1
th bekerja.

Anda tidak perlu heran jika Anda pergi ke Toilet di Changi Airport,
Mall, Restaurant, Petugas cleaning service adalah para lansia. Jadi
selain para lansia itu juga bahagia karena di usia tua mereka masih bisa
bekerja, juga mereka bisa bersosialisasi dan sehat karena banyak bergerak.

Satu lagi sebagaimana di negeri maju lainnya, PM Lee juga memberikan
pendidikan sosial yang sangat bagus buat anak2 dan remaja di sana, bahwa
pekerjaan membersihkan toilet, meja makan diresto dsbnya itu bukan
pekerjaan hina, sehingga anak2 tsb dari kecil diajarkan untuk tahu
menghargai orang yang lebih tua, siapapun mereka dan apapun profesinya.

Sebaliknya, Anak di sana dididik menjadi bijak dan terus memelihara rasa
hormat dan sayang kepada orangtuanya, apapun kondisi orangtuanya.
Meskipun orangtua mereka sudah tidak sanggup duduk atau berdiri,atau
mungkin sudah selamanya terbaring diatas tempat tidur, mereka harus
tetap menghormatinya dengan cara merawatnya.

Mereka, warganegara Singapura seolah diingatkan oleh PM Lee agar selalu
mengenang saat mereka masih balita, orangtua mereka-lah yang
membersihkan tubuh mereka dari semua bentuk kotoran, memberi pula yang
memberi makan dan kadang menyuapinya dengan tangan mereka sendiri, dan
menggendongnya kala mereka menangis meski dini hari dan merawatnya
ketika mereka sakit.

How to Sync Any Desktop Calendar with Google Calendar

As of yesterday's announcement of CalDAV support in Google Calendar, you can now sync your Google Calendar with virtually any popular desktop calendar for free. Not only can you enjoy your favorite desktop calendar software and still get the benefit of the web interface, but you can also sync any desktop calendar with any other across platforms using GCal as a go-between. Let's take a comprehensive look at how to set up bidirectional syncing between Google Calendar and your favorite desktop calendar—from Outlook and iCal to Sunbird and Thunderbird—for free.
Remember, this doesn't mean that you can sync Google Calendar with just one desktop calendar. It means that no matter what you're using—Outlook at work and iCal at home, for example—you can always stick to desktop calendars if that's what you prefer. Google Calendar now works as both a great web application and a dedicated syncing tool. It's the cloud, and once it's set up, you don't ever have to access your calendar through the web again if you don't feel like it. But when you're not at a desktop, you can fire up GCal from any web browser, make changes, and still be confident your desktop is completely in sync next time you fire it up. Let's get started.

Sync Microsoft Outlook with Google Calendar

Syncing calendar events between Outlook and Google Calendar has been a cinch ever since Google came out with Google Calendar Sync, a free application that provides bidirectional syncing between the two. (It also supports one-way sync in either direction, if for some reason you don't want two-way syncing.) Assuming you're using a supported setup (Outlook 2003 or 2007 and either Vista or XP), here's how to get it working.

1. Download and install Google Calendar Sync.
2. Enter your Google account email address and password.
3. Select your sync method (most likely you want two-way syncing) and the sync frequency you prefer. It defaults to syncing every 120 minutes, which seems a little long for most.
4. Hit Save and you're done. Easy, right?

If you've added a new item to your calendar and you want to force a new sync rather than waiting for Google Calendar Sync to run its next sync, just right-click the system tray app and choose Sync. It doesn't get much simpler than that.

Sync iCal with Google Calendar

UPDATE: Since this post was written, Google released a new utility called Calaboration that handles iCal-to-Gcal sync setup with even more ease. (Original post)
As of yesterday, Google Calendar supports two-way synchronization with iCal through the CalDAV remote calendar standard. Setting up iCal with GCal varies slightly based on whether or not you're using your default GCal calendar or a secondary calendar. First, here's how to set up your Google Calendar default with iCal:

1. Open iCal, then fire up your iCal Preferences (iCal -> Preferences or Cmd-,).
2. Click on the Accounts tab, and then click the '+' button to add a new remote calendar to iCal.
3. Call the calendar whatever you want (I went with 'Personal' for my main calendar), then enter the Google account username (which is normally your Gmail address) and password.
4. Click on Server options to display the Account URL text box. For your default calendar, enter the following URL:
   https://www.google.com/calendar/dav/youremail@gmail.com/user
   ...replacing youremail@gmail.com with your actual email address.
   
5. Once you've done that, just hit Add and you're finished. Give iCal a few minutes to download all your events and you're good to go.

If you want to add a secondary calendar, the steps are exactly the same as above with one small difference. Instead of inserting your email address in the Account URL as described in step 4, you need to grab the calendar ID for that specific calendar. You can find it by opening GCal, clicking the arrow next to the calendar you want to sync, and selecting Calendar settings. In the settings, find the Calendar Address section near the bottom of the window, then just copy and paste the Calendar ID (which is formatted like an email address) in place of youremail@gmail.com in the URL above.

You can refresh iCal to make sure you've synced the latest-and-greatest at any time by selecting Calendar -> Refresh or hitting Cmd-R. (Original post)

Sync Mozilla Sunbird or Thunderbird with Google Calendar

Whether you're using Mozilla's standalone calendar application Sunbird or Thunderbird with the Lightning extension installed (Lightning integrates Sunbird into Thunderbird), bidirectional calendar syncing between either application and Google Calendar is a breeze. The special sauce in this sync is the Provider for Google Calendar extension. Installing Provider in either Sunbird or Thunderbird is basically the same procedure, and here's how it works:

1. Download and install the Provider extension by saving it to your desktop, opening the Add-ons dialog in either Sunbird or Thunderbird, and dragging the file you just downloaded into the Add-ons dialog. Once installed, make sure to restart the application.
2. Now that Provider is installed, you have to add your new Google Calendar. In Sunbird, go to File -> New Calendar; in Thunderbird, it's File -> New -> Calendar when you're in the calendar view.
3. You're now looking at the Create new calendar wizard. Select "On the Network" and hit Continue.
4. Choose Google Calendar as the calendar type. The Location field requires the XML flavor of your calendar's Private Address, which you can get by opening GCal and choosing Calendar settings from the drop-down next to the calendar you want to access.
   At the bottom of the settings page you'll see the Private Address section. Copy the XML link and paste it into the Location field in Sunbird or T-bird.
5. When you hit Continue, you'll be asked for your Google Calendar username (again, your Gmail address) and password. Enter it, give your new calendar a name, and hit Continue. You're done.

From now on, any event you add to that calendar will automatically sync to GCal and vice versa. You can reload the calendar to get the most up-to-date information at any time by clicking the Reload button in your toolbar. (The button is installed in the toolbar by default in Thunderbird, but you may have to customize your Sunbird calendar to add it to the toolbar.)

Sync Your Mobile Device with Google Calendar

If you're interested in syncing your mobile device with Google Calendar, you've also got a ton of great and free options. BlackBerry users can check out Google Sync, a BlackBerry app made by Google specifically for Gcal-to-BlackBerry syncing.
Alternatively, the free, open-source application GCalSync does bidirectional syncing between Gcal and tons of supported phones. (Original post)
If you're an iPhone or iPod touch user, you can set up automatic, two-way syncing between your Google Calendar (and Gmail contacts) with web site NuevaSync. (Original post)
Finally, if your phone supports SyncML, web application GooSync can handle Gcal syncing without installing anything.

Other Options

If you're not happy with the methods detailed above—which I selected because each represents the easiest and cheapest (read: free) option—there are still tons of other tools to sync Google Calendar with your desktop calendar. First, we've covered how to sync Google Calendar and Gmail contacts with the more technical GCALDaemon. Also, the cross-platform Calgoo just went free, with both Outlook and iCal syncing capabilities.
On a somewhat unrelated but still useful note, you can also now sync Google contacts with your Mac OS X Address Book.
How do you like to get your GCal on your desktop? Let us know in the comments.
Adam Pash is a senior editor for Lifehacker who isn't happy until everything syncs. His special feature Hack Attack appears every Tuesday on Lifehacker. Subscribe to the Hack Attack RSS feed to get new installments in your newsreader.

Sudahkah Anda Memiliki Mentalitas Elang?

Sudahkah Anda Memiliki Mentalitas Elang?

KOMPAS.com - Dunia kita memang penuh ketidakpastian. Seperti halnya cuaca yang belakangan ini sulit ditebak, apakah akan cerah, mendung, hujan, atau badai, sepak terjang dalam dunia ekonomi, bisnis, politik maupun dinamika di tempat kerja pun kerap sulit diramal.

click to enlarge

Seorang teman bercerita, ia pernah menghadapi "badai" dalam kariernya. Ketika baru saja dinobatkan sebagai the best employee untuk yang kesekian kalinya, tiba-tiba ia dipanggil oleh atasan dan mendapat vonis yang membuat ia shock, yaitu dibebastugaskan dari posisinya yang sekarang dan diminta standby untuk penugasan berikutnya. Di saat ia berharap diganjar promosi atas prestasinya yang baik, kenyataan yang terjadi malah sebaliknya. Di saat rekan lain yang berprestasi mendapat jabatan baru, ia malah merosot. Siapa yang tidak terpuruk menghadapi kenyataan seperti itu?

Dalam situasi seperti ini, sangat wajar bila kita merasa frustrasi. Ada yang mengklaim bahwa mereka sudah lelah dan tidak bisa melihat titik terang lagi. Kita juga bisa saja mencari alasan pembenaran diri atau memilih untuk berhenti dan tidak melakukan sesuatu. Dalam situasi gagal dan terpuruk tak jarang juga kita melihat ada orang yang menyalahkan kebijakan dan peraturan yang ada, menyalahkan atasan, pemegang saham, ataupun situasi monopoli yang dihadapi.

Teman saya yang dijegal kariernya mengatakan bahwa atasan barunya merasa tidak terlalu cocok dengan dirinya. Meski sempat jatuh terpuruk, namun ia kemudian memberi batas waktu pada masa meratapnya. Teman kita ini kemudian berusaha menelaah ke dalam diri pribadinya. "Saya banyak bermawas diri. Saya sadar saya mempunyai beberapa kekuatan, tetapi kelemahan saya pun ada. Mungkin selama ini saya terlalu congkak dan tidak siap menghadapi benturan", demikian ujarnya.

Ketika 6 bulan kemudian ia diberi penugasan baru, ia sudah siap dengan sikap mental yang lebih rendah hati, tetapi dengan semangat yang berlipat ganda. Sekadar karena ia sudah menggarap dirinya dan siap menggenjot kapasitasnya lagi.

Individu dengan mentalitas seperti teman kita ini, kondisinya bisa kita samakan dengan seekor elang. Pada saat ia merasa bahwa bulu-bulunya tidak kuat lagi, ia akan berdiri tegak di sebuah batu karang, di mana angin bertiup kencang merontokkan bulu-bulunya. Sesudah itu, ia akan bersembunyi di antara batu-batu dan menunggu sampai bulu baru tumbuh kembali.

Terbang "di atas" badai
Badai karier, badai ekonomi, atau badai rumah tangga, bisa dialami siapa saja. Situasi seperti ini pasti tidak disukai oleh kita. Namun, kita bisa belajar dari seekor elang, yang justru bisa memanfaatkan badai. Situasi yang sama ada di dalam filosofi China, di mana kata "krisis" mengandung makna yang sama dengan "kesempatan". Jadi, badai adalah kesempatan.

Bagi elang, hewan pemangsa berdarah panas yang mempunyai sayap dan tubuh diselubungi bulu pelepah, badai dianggap sebagai "kendaraan" untuk maju. Ia bisa terbang sama cepat dengan badai, sehingga akhirnya angin badai bisa mengusung dirinya untuk terbang lebih tinggi lagi. Di dalam dunia kerja, bisnis dan politik, kita tahu bahwa kemampuan untuk "terbang tinggi" memberi kita kesempatan untuk melihat situasi dari atas, sehingga kita bisa mempunyai visi yang lebih jelas dan kuat.

Tentunya tidak mudah bagi kita mulai mengganti paradigma untuk memandang masalah sebagai titik awal dari suatu kemenangan. Padahal seninya terletak pada pengaturan enerji dan menjaga kestabilan kekuatan, justru pada saat orang lain atau kompetitor sedang kehabisan nafas atau bahkan sudah tidak berniat mengejar lagi. Dari elang, kita bisa belajar untuk mengatur energi  dan kewaspadaan kita dalam menghadapi segala situasi, bahkan melakukan sesuatu yang tidak mungkin menjadi mungkin.

Seekor elang mempunyai hobi terbang tinggi, tidak kenal lelah, tidak pernah menunggu, dan tetap mencari kesempatan. Orang bermental elang adalah orang yang bisa menghempaskan kinerjanya dan memberi kontribusi yang berdampak besar, tidak tanggung-tanggung.

Obsesi pada peluang
Banyak dari kita terbiasa terpaku pada kelemahan diri (weaknesses) atau pada ancaman (threat) yang ada di sekitar kita. Keinginan untuk membuka bisnis baru atau melakukan langkah terobosan tak jarang terhambat karena kita sudah dipenuhi kekhawatiran tidak bisa bersaing dengan kompetitor, kekurangan modal, terhambat oleh policy, atau tidak punya SDM yang handal.

Jadi, kita memang perlu berhati-hati agar tidak berkutat dengan melihat kekurangan demi kekurangan sehingga kemudian merasa lemah dan tidak berdaya. Menganalisis kelemahan dan menghitung risiko memang diperlukan, namun yang lebih penting lagi adalah mengidentifikasi dan memfokuskan kekuatan diri dan peluang yang bisa menghasilkan energi dan daya dorong yang lebih besar bagi diri kita.

Orang dengan mentalitas elang, terobsesi pada kesempatan demi kesempatan yang ada. Ia pun sangat mengandalkan kekuatannya. Bila dulu kita familiar dengan konsep analisa SWOT (Strength – Weakness – Opportunity – Threat), kita juga perlu mulai berlatih untuk berpikir dengan konsep SOAR: Strengths – Opportunity – Aspiration – Result. Konsep yang ditawarkan oleh Stavros, Cooperrider, dan Kelly ini berorientasi "appreciative inquiry", yaitu menghargai dan menggali hal-hal positif dan kekuatan yang terlihat maupun tersembunyi dalam diri kita. Para ahli ini berpendapat: "Allow your thoughts to take you to heights of greatness".

Dengan pola pikir ini, kita mengisi diri kita dengan obsesi terhadap aspirasi dan kesempatan sehingga dengan sendirinya akan membawa kita dipenuhi optimisme untuk terus maju.

(Eileen Rachman/Sy
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Cek mata anak Anda segera!


Public Web Sites with Free Referrals - No Registration Required
www.optometrists.org - www.children-special-needs.org - www.visiontherapy.org

Does Your Child Have a Vision Problem That Might Be Interfering With School Performance?

If your child is not working up to potential in school there is a strong possibility that a vision problem might be present. According to experts, almost 50% of children with learning difficulties have vision disorders. In most cases these problems can be successfully treated leading to improved learning and better grades.

You can determine whether your child might have a learning related vision problem by completing the following questionnaire.

Print Out the form below and then for each question, CIRCLE the appropriate answer.

1. My child has difficulty concentrating and paying attention.

1. never

2. sometimes

3. often

2. My child requires a lot of time to complete homework.

1. never

2. sometimes

3. often

3. My child complains of blurred vision, or double vision when reading.

1. never

2. sometimes

3. often

4. My child complains of eyestrain or headaches when reading.

1. never

2. sometimes

3. often

5. My child loses his/her place when reading or skips words or lines.

1. never

2. sometimes

3. often

6. My child has difficulty copying from the board.

1. never

2. sometimes

3. often

7. My child has difficulty with handwriting.

1. never

2. sometimes

3. often

8. My child reverses letters, numbers or confuses similar words.

1. never

2. sometimes

3. often

9. My child becomes tired or sleepy after short periods of time or his/her reading comprehension deteriorates with time.

1. never

2. sometimes

3. often

10. My child has struggled in school.

1. never

2. sometimes

3. often

For each question your child's score will be 1, 2, or 3.

Add up the total score for the ten questions and compare it to the guidelines below.

Score

What That Score Means

10-12

Your child probably does not have a vision problem interfering with school performance.

13-18

Your child may have a vision problem interfering with school performance.

19-30

Your child almost certainly has a vision problem interfering with school performance.

If a child has a score greater than 12 it is strongly suggested that an evaluation be done testing those aspects of vision that might be contributing to learning difficulties. If a problem is detected, a Vision Therapy program may be recommended to eliminate the vision disorder.

http://www.children-special-needs.org/parenting/eyesight_eye_care_pf.html
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Apakah ambliopia?

Ambliopia adalah gangguan mata berupa penurunan tajam penglihatan akibat adanya gangguan perkembangan penglihatan selama masa kanak-kanak. Keadaan ini juga dikenal dengan istilah lazy eye atau “mata malas”.

Bila salah satu mata memiliki tajam penglihatan yang baik sedangkan mata yang lainnya tidak, maka mata dengan tajam penglihatan yang lebih buruk akan mengalami ambliopia. Umumnya hanya satu mata yang mengalami ambliopia, namun tidak menutup kemungkinan gangguan ini bisa terjadi pada dua mata sekaligus.

Ambliopia sering ditemukan dan dapat mengenai 2 hingga 3 orang dari 100 pasien. Masa terapi ambliopia yang paling baik adalah selama masa bayi dan awal masa anak-anak.

---

Bagaimana perkembangan penglihatan yang baik?

Bayi yang baru lahir sudah memiliki kemampuan untuk melihat dan selama beberapa tahun awal masa anak-anak sistem penglihatan ini berkembang dengan pesat seiring dengan peningkatan tajam penglihatan.

Jika seorang anak tidak mampu menggunakan matanya dengan normal, maka tajam penglihatannya pun tidak berkembang dengan baik dan bahkan mengalami penurunan. Dalam kurun waktu 9 tahun awal kehidupan, sistem penglihatan telah berkembang secara maksimal dan umumnya tidak dapat dirubah lagi.

Dengan demikian, perkembangan penglihatan pada kedua mata sangatlah penting untuk mencapai tajam penglihatan yang normal. Seseorang yang menderita ambliopia pada salah satu matanya kemungkinan mengalami dua kali kehilangan penglihatan pada mata sebelahnya karena trauma.

Jika pada suatu masa, tajam penglihatan pada salah satu mata memburuk akibat kecelakaan atau penyakit, maka sangatlah penting agar mata sebelahnya memiliki tajam penglihatan yang normal. Oleh sebab itu, ambliopia harus dideteksi dan diterapi sedini mungkin.

---

Kapan sebaiknya ambliopia dideteksi?

Sangat dianjurkan agar semua anak-anak diperiksa tajam penglihatannya oleh dokter anak, dokter keluarga atau dokter spesialis mata sebelum berusia 4 tahun. Bila anak mengalami gangguan penglihatan, dokter anak atau dokter keluarga akan merujuk anak tersebut ke dokter spesialis mata.

Jika ada riwayat keluarga yang menderita strabismus, katarak kongenital atau penyakit mata lainnya, maka dokter mata harus memeriksa anak tersebut sejak bayi.

Kaca mata pada bayi	Seorang anak yang melakukan Patching

---

Apa penyebab terjadinya ambliopia?

Ambliopia disebabkan oleh berbagai macam kondisi yang mempengaruhi perkembangan penglihatan. Umumnya kondisi ini bersifat diturunkan. Ada 3 penyebab utama ambliopia, yaitu:

• Strabismus (Juling)
  Ambliopia umumnya muncul pada mata yang mengalami strabismus (juling). Mata juling terjadi untuk menghindari penglihatan ganda (double) oleh anak tersebut. Anak juga biasanya lebih senang memakai mata sebelahnya dengan tajam penglihatan yang lebih baik. Mata yang juling adalah mata dengan tajam penglihatan yang lebih buruk.


• Kelainan refraksi yang tidak seimbang antar kedua mata
  Kelainan tajam penglihatan bisa diatasi dengan kaca mata. Namun, ambliopia bisa muncul bila salah satu mata tidak fokus oleh karena ukuran minus, plus, atau silinder yang lebih besar bila dibandingkan dengan mata sebelahnya.
  
  Ambliopia juga bisa muncul pada dua mata sekaligus bila tajam penglihatan pada kedua mata sangat buruk. Keadaan ini muncul pada penderita minus, plus atau silinder tinggi.


• Kekeruhan pada jaringan mata yang normalnya jernih Katarak (kekeruhan pada lensa mata) dapat menimbulkan ambliopia. Setiap kondisi yang mencegah masuknya bayangan objek ke dalam mata bisa menyebabkan ambliopia. Keadaan ini adalah penyebab ambliopia yang paling buruk.

---

Bagaimana mendiagnosa ambliopia?

Mendiagnosa ambliopia tidaklah mudah. Seorang anak mungkin tidak menyadari memiliki mata yang lebih lemah atau mata yang lebih tajam penglihatannya. Orang tua umumnya juga tidak menyadari adanya kelainan mata pada anaknya, kecuali juling atau tampak kelainan mata lain pada anaknya.

Ambliopia dapat dideteksi dengan menemukan perbedaan tajam penglihatan antara kedua mata atau ditemukan tajam penglihatan yang sangat buruk pada kedua mata. Karena memeriksa tajam penglihatan pada anak-anak yang lebih kecil sangat sulit, dokter mata dapat menilai tajam penglihatan anak-anak ini dengan melihat reaksi bayi mengikuti suatu benda. Pemeriksaan dilakukan pada masing-masing mata yang ditutup secara bergantian (patch).

Jika salah satu mata ambliopia dan mata yang tajam baik ditutup, maka bayi akan memberikan reaksi berupa mengintip dari balik patch, berusaha membuka patch, atau menangis.

Tajam penglihatan yang lebih buruk pada salah satu mata tidak selalu berarti anak menderita ambliopia. Seringkali, tajam penglihatan ini masih bisa diatasi dengan memberikan kacamata pada anak tersebut.

Dokter mata juga akan memeriksa mata anak secara seksama untuk melihat kelainan mata lain yang menurunkan tajam penglihatannya.

Contoh kelainan mata ini adalah:

• Katarak
• Inflamasi
• Tumor
• Kelainan bagian dalam mata (retina, saraf mata, dll)

Membuat file word, excel dan csv dalam PHP

Creating Word, Excel and CSV files with PHP

Browsing the World Wide Web you can find out various methods of creating files with PHP. In this article we demonstrate several ways to create Microsoft Word and Excel documents, and also CSV files using PHP.

• MS Word document
  • Using HTTP headers
  • Using COM objects
  • Using OpenOffice templates
  • Using Zend Framework component phpLiveDocx
• MS Excel document
  • Using HTTP headers
  • Using COM objects
• CSV file
  • Using HTTP headers
  • Using fputcsv()

How to create MS Word document

Method 1 - Using HTTP headers
In this method you need to format the HTML/PHP page using Word-friendly CSS and add header information to your PHP script. Make sure you don't use external style sheets since everything should be in the same file.
As a result user will be prompted to download a file. This file will not be 100% "original" Word document, but it certainly will open in MS Word application. You can use this method both for Unix and Windows environments.

header("Content-type: application/vnd.ms-word");
header("Content-Disposition: attachment;Filename=document_name.doc");

echo "";
echo "";
echo "";
echo "My first document";
echo "";
echo "";
?>

As you may note, the formatting capabilities are limited here.
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Method 2 - Using COM objects
Note that the server running the code stated below must have MS Word installed. COM will work on Windows only.
Word document is saved to the temporary directory and then sent to the browser via readfile() function.

...
// Create new COM object – word.application
$word = new COM("word.application");

// Hide MS Word application window
$word->Visible = 0;

//Create new document
$word->Documents->Add();

// Define page margins
$word->Selection->PageSetup->LeftMargin = '2';
$word->Selection->PageSetup->RightMargin = '2';

// Define font settings
$word->Selection->Font->Name = 'Arial';
$word->Selection->Font->Size = 10;

// Add text
$word->Selection->TypeText("TEXT!");

// Save document
$filename = tempnam(sys_get_temp_dir(), "word");
$word->Documents[1]->SaveAs($filename);

// Close and quit
$word->quit();
unset($word);

header("Content-type: application/vnd.ms-word");
header("Content-Disposition: attachment;Filename=document_name.doc");

// Send file to browser
readfile($filename);
unlink($filename);
...

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Method 3 - Using OpenOffice templates

1. Create manually an ODT template with placeholders, like [%value-to-replace%].
2. When instantiating the template with real data in PHP, unzip the template ODT (it's a zipped XML), and run against the XML the textual replace of the placeholders with the actual values.
3. Zip the ODT back.
4. Run the conversion ODT -> DOC via OpenOffice command line interface.

There are tools and libraries available to ease each of those steps.
Method 4 - Using Zend Framework component phpLiveDocx
One of the ways to create DOC files in Linux using PHP is to use the Zend Framework component phpLiveDocx. It allows developers to generate documents by combining structured data from PHP with a template, created in a word processor. The resulting document can be saved as a PDF, DOCX, DOC or RTF file. The concept is the same as with mail-merge.
PhpLiveDocx is completely free to download and use. For more information, please take a look at http://www.phplivedocx.org/articles/brief-introduction-to-phplivedocx/.
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How to create MS Excel document

Method 1 - Using HTTP headers
As described for the MS Word, you need to format the HTML/PHP page using Excel-friendly CSS and add header information to your PHP script.

header("Content-type: application/vnd.ms-excel");
header("Content-Disposition: attachment;Filename=document_name.xls");

echo "";
echo "";
echo "";
echo "testdata1 \t testdata2 \t \n ";
echo "";
echo "";
?>

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Method 2 - Using COM objects
Note that the server running the code stated below must have MS Excel installed.
We use the same approach as for MS Word with saving a file to the temporary directory first.

...
//Create new COM object – excel.application
$xl = new COM("excel.application");

//Hide MS Excel application window
$xl->Visible = 0;

//Create new document
$xlBook = $xl->Workbooks->Add();

//Create Sheet 1
$xlBook->Worksheets(1)->Name = "Worksheet 1";
$xlBook->Worksheets(1)->Select;

//Set Width & Height
$xl->ActiveSheet->Range("A1:A1")->ColumnWidth = 10.0;
$xl->ActiveSheet->Range("B1:B1")->ColumnWidth = 13.0;

//Add text
$xl->ActiveSheet->Cells(1,1)->Value = "TEXT";
$xl->ActiveSheet->Cells(1,1)->Font->Bold = True;

//Save document
$filename = tempnam(sys_get_temp_dir(), "excel");
$xlBook->SaveAs($filename);

//Close and quit
unset( $xlBook);
$xl->ActiveWorkBook->Close();
$xl->Quit();
unset( $xl );

header("Content-type: application/vnd.ms-excel");
header("Content-Disposition: attachment;Filename=document_name.xls");

// Send file to browser
readfile($filename);
unlink($filename);
...

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How to create a CSV file

Method 1 - Using HTTP headers
As in the examples for the Word and Excel, you need to add header information to your PHP script.
The code snippet below creates a CSV file of the specified table including its column names. Then user will be prompted to download this file.

$table = 'table_name';
$outstr = NULL;

header("Content-Type: application/csv");
header("Content-Disposition: attachment;Filename=cars-models.csv");

$conn = mysql_connect("localhost", "mysql_user", "mysql_password");
mysql_select_db("db",$conn);

// Query database to get column names 
$result = mysql_query("show columns from $table",$conn);
// Write column names
while($row = mysql_fetch_array($result)){
    $outstr.= $row['Field'].',';
} 
$outstr = substr($outstr, 0, -1)."\n";

// Query database to get data
$result = mysql_query("select * from $table",$conn);
// Write data rows
while ($row = mysql_fetch_assoc($result)) {
    $outstr.= join(',', $row)."\n";
}

echo $outstr;
mysql_close($conn);
?>

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Method 2 - Using fputcsv()
The fputcsv() function formats a line as CSV and writes it to an open file. For more information, take a look at http://php.net/manual/en/function.fputcsv.php.
The code snippet below creates a CSV file of the specified table including its column names and sends it to the browser.

$table = 'table_name';
$filename = tempnam(sys_get_temp_dir(), "csv");

$conn = mysql_connect("localhost", "mysql_user", "mysql_password");
mysql_select_db("db",$conn);

$file = fopen($filename,"w");

// Write column names
$result = mysql_query("show columns from $table",$conn);
for ($i = 0; $i < mysql_num_rows($result); $i++) {
    $colArray[$i] = mysql_fetch_assoc($result);
    $fieldArray[$i] = $colArray[$i]['Field'];
}
fputcsv($file,$fieldArray);

// Write data rows
$result = mysql_query("select * from $table",$conn);
for ($i = 0; $i < mysql_num_rows($result); $i++) {
    $dataArray[$i] = mysql_fetch_assoc($result);
}
foreach ($dataArray as $line) {
    fputcsv($file,$line);
}

fclose($file);

header("Content-Type: application/csv");
header("Content-Disposition: attachment;Filename=cars-models.csv");

// send file to browser
readfile($filename);
unlink($filename);
?>

Mata Malas bisa sembuh?

Misdiagnosed as Untreatable "Lazy Eye"

Thanks to Vision Therapy, I Gained Binocular Depth Perception (Stereo Vision)
by Rachel Cooper

(Note: binocular means two-eyed. In normal human vision, the two eyes work as a coordinated team.)

My "lazy eye" was first detected in a free public school eye examination when I was seven years old (belated thanks to the State of Pennsylvania for that free eye exam!). This led to my first visit to an eye doctor. I don't remember anything about that encounter. All I know is that I came away with a pair of glasses and no patching or Vision Therapy was recommended. For the next ten years I would struggle with wearing either glasses or contact lenses.

By the time I was twelve years old I had been examined several times by two new eye doctors: one ophthalmologist (hi, Dr. Feldman of Champaign, Illinois) and one optometrist (I remember him, but not his name). Both doctors said exactly the same thing. They told me that my two eyes did not work together as a team; that I alternated between using one eye or the other, but seldom or never used both eyes together at the same time. Since I alternated between using both eyes, I had not lost too much vision in either eye. Still, they both described me as having "lazy eye." According to the eye doctors it was too late for surgery or patching -- nothing could be done to correct my "lazy eye." "I was too old." "It was too late" for me.

Of course, the doctors informed me, this meant I didn't have depth perception. "What's depth perception?" I asked. Vague descriptions ensued -- much like attempts to explain colors and rainbows to a blind person. I remember the optometrist stumbled and mumbled around a bit and finally declared that without depth perception it would be very difficult for me to catch a ball. Hmmm, I thought this one over. I already knew I couldn't catch a ball without major panic -- screaming, head ducking, arms flailing, etc. So far this embarrassing state of affairs hadn't killed me. This was also at a time when girls' sports were still a very low priority. After thinking it over, I decided being unable to catch a ball was not a serious handicap. No sweat, doc.

Out into the world the eye doctors sent me to live life without depth perception. Don't forget to wear your glasses, they called out after me. Again, no mention was made of the possibility of Vision Therapy or any type of rehabilitation. I didn't have depth perception and that was that.

No sweat? Well, not quite. Life was going to dish out a lot more than a few fly balls. Lots of surprises were right around the corner, too. Teenage years are full of challenges that beg for binocular (two-eyed) vision and depth perception. Soon there were geometry classes, attempts to make normal eye contact with boys, and driving lessons. I still remember that poor instructor who tried to teach me parallel parking in driver's training -- I could see those little veins popping out on his forehead even without normal depth perception.

Frankly, I was a dismal failure at all things 3D, yet somehow I stumbled through. And I do mean stumble. We folks without depth perception do tend to trip and bump into things quite a bit. And drop things a lot, too. "Oops -- sorry -- butterfingers!"

As I groped along, plenty of choices were made, of course. More than a few were influenced by my vision impairment. In my mid-teens I gave up on wearing glasses or contact lenses. I felt confused and uncomfortable when I wore prescription lenses, so I pitched it in. In my twenties, I moved to New York City where I wouldn't have to drive a car to get around. Whew. My former passengers were relieved, too!

In New York I heard for the first time about something called Vision Therapy. Dozens of people told me that they or their relatives had received Vision Therapy when they were children. They were cured! Their eyes looked straight. They had binocular (two-eyed) vision. I couldn't believe it. They were so matter-of-fact about it. It was just as if they were saying, "oh, yeah, I had braces when I was a kid - no biggie."

When I first heard of Vision Therapy, I didn't have health insurance. In my early twenties at the time, I concluded that if insurance wouldn't pay for it, I couldn't do it. Years later, I would look back on that logic as youthful folly.

The Very Happy Ending (and Beginning)
At long last, when I was almost 33 years old, I began regular Vision Therapy under the supervision of a behavioral optometrist (developmental optometrist) in New York city. After a year and a half of twice-a-week therapy, I was using both of my eyes together as a coordinated team. The world popped out in 3D and it stayed that way!

Today,I pass all the standard stereo vision tests (including the random dot stereogram). I use both of my eyes to see all the time.

Yes, I now have stereoscopic vision (stereopsis) and binocular depth perception! I'll admit that when I first began to see the visual world pop out in 3D I felt a lot like a formerly paralyzed person jumping out of a wheelchair and doing a jig. It felt like a miracle. It looked like a miracle. But . . . was it a miracle?

Not exactly. Human stereo vision may be a miracle (scientists still can't totally explain how it happens), but Vision Therapy (orthoptic therapy) is a medical science that has been around since the nineteenth century. I simply went to therapy, tried to be a good patient, and did what the eye doctor told me to do.

Ever since the day I saw the world popping out in 3D for the first time, I've wanted to tell others to appreciate the miracle of normal depth perception and 3D vision. You SEE, if you overcome a disability, you very likely won't take what you've gained for granted. What other people call normal will always be special to you!

It's been clear to me, however, that is it even more important to help others (especially children) with lazy eye or other 3D vision problems. I don't believe in "what-ifs" or "regrets" but I do know my life would have been completely different if I had received vision therapy as a child.

I've been telling my story with the written word since 1994 and I've been doing it on the web since 1996! In the early days of the web, I answered a lot of personal emails, but -- as the years have gone by -- I've seen the wisdom in answering people's questions by referring them to the wealth of web pages in The Optometrists Network at www.optometrists.org

Do you have questions? Please try looking for the answers by following the many links in Our Sites.

Remember, even if you feel alone, you are not! There are thousands and thousands of people with lazy eye and related binocular vision problems! Go ahead, follow the links below to learn more!

What is Convergence Insufficiency? A common visual condition which is (1) confused with lazy eye; (2) not easily discernable to the observer and (3) not detected by the standard 20/20 eye test. Convergence Insufficiency is the leading cause of eyestrain, blurry vision, double vision (diplopia), and/or headaches. It is estimated to affect 5 out of 100 children and adults.

All about Lazy Eye, What is lazy eye?, FAQs, research

What is Vision Therapy?

Successful Treatment Stories -- Lazy Eye

All about crossed-eyes, eye turns, esotropia, exotropia, hypertropia, strabismus, and more!

All about eye muscle surgery for lazy eye

Doctors who provide Vision Therapy

"Is it too late for me?" is a very common question. Read eye doctor's answers to this question by following the links below.

When is it too late to treat lazy eye?

Why does my eye doctor say it is too late?
These questions are answered by eye doctor and expert, Dr. Jeffrey Cooper (no relation to Rachel Cooper).

Is it true that there are certain conditions, like lazy eye, where the patient is too old, or it's too late to intervene with Vision Therapy?
This question is answered by eye doctor and professor, Dr. Leonard J. Press. Look for question #13.

P.S.
Since I've acquired stereo vision people ask me to describe what it was like when I didn't have it. Here is a very short answer. The visual world looked flat. It felt like I was here and everything I was looking at was over there. I couldn't visually perceive or measure the space between me and other objects. Now that I see in 3D it feels like I am IN the world. Empty space looks and feels palpable, tangible -- ALIVE!

Well, friends, I've got to sign off for now. Remember . . . life really is better in 3D.

To locate an eye doctor who provides comprehensive pediatric vision examinations and treatment, including Vision Therapy, request a referral through our Referral Directory: Find a Pediatric Eye Doctor.
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