Bagaimana Cara Menetapkan Harga Jual?

Bagaimana Cara Menetapkan Harga Jual?

June 25 2013 | By Raben Penyami



Banyak pertimbangan disaat produk baru siap untuk di jual. Biasanya harga ditentukan setelah produk sudah ditentukan pasar mana yang dituju secara spesifik. Contohnya mengetahui demografis produk, geografis produk, maupun karakter produk, sampai perusahaan mengetahui siapa yang layak menjadi konsumen produk terbaru tersebut. Proses yang tidak kalah penting untuk ditentukana adalah, bagaimana menentukan harga. Berikut adalah acuan, bagaimana menentukan pricing/ harga yang tepat.

1. Menganalisa production cost dan mengetahui profit expectation. Biaya produksi menjadi hal dasar dalam menentukan harga. Pastikan harga yang ditentukan diatas harga produksi, dan mengetahui keuntungan yang bisa didapat.

2. Menyesuaikan dengan competitor. Setiap produk juga memiliki lawan tersendiri, baik dari industri yang sama maupun berbeda. Ketahaui terlebih dahulu siapa pesaing produk yang dinilai memiliki target market yang sejenis.

3. Price sensitivity. Lajunya ekonomi juga dapat mempengaruhi harga. Perkembangan ekonomi pada umumnya dapat mempengaruhi bahan-bahan dasar atau element-element tertentu dari sebuh produk. Begitu pula naik turunnya harga bahan pokok akan mempengaruhi volume produksi produk.

3. Willing to pay. Mengetahui berapa jumlah uang yang mau dibayar oleh konsumen. Hal ini ditentukan berdasarkan market yang sudah ditentukan untuk produk sejak awal.
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Sudahkah Anda buat Segmentation, Targeting, and Positioning ?

Segmentation, Targeting, and Positioning 

 Segmentation, targeting, and positioning together comprise a three stage process.  We first (1) determine which kinds of customers exist, then (2) select which ones we are best off trying to serve and, finally, (3) implement our segmentation by optimizing our products/services for that segment andcommunicating that we have made the choice to distinguish ourselves that way.

Segmentation involves finding out what kinds of consumers with different needs exist.  In the auto market, for example, some consumers demand speed and performance, while others are much more concerned about roominess and safety.  In general, it holds true that “You can’t be all things to all people,” and experience has demonstrated that firms that specialize in meeting the needs of one group of consumers over another tend to be more profitable.

Generically, there are three approaches to marketing.  In the undifferentiatedstrategy, all consumers are treated as the same, with firms not making any specific efforts to satisfy particular groups.  This may work when the product is a standard one where one competitor really can’t offer much that another one can’t.  Usually, this is the case only for commodities.  In the concentratedstrategy, one firm chooses to focus on one of several segments that exist while leaving other segments to competitors.  For example, Southwest Airlines focuses on price sensitive consumers who will forego meals and assigned seating for low prices.  In contrast, most airlines follow the differentiated strategy:  They offer high priced tickets to those who are inflexible in that they cannot tell in advance when they need to fly and find it impractical to stay over a Saturday.  These travelers—usually business travelers—pay high fares but can only fill the planes up partially.  The same airlines then sell some of the remaining seats to more price sensitive customers who can buy two weeks in advance and stay over.

Note that segmentation calls for some tough choices.  There may be a large number of variables that can be used to differentiate consumers of a given product category; yet, in practice, it becomes impossibly cumbersome to work with more than a few at a time.  Thus, we need to determine which variables will be most useful in distinguishing different groups of consumers.  We might thus decide, for example, that the variables that are most relevant in separating different kinds of soft drink consumers are (1) preference for taste vs. low calories, (2) preference for Cola vs. non-cola taste, (3) price sensitivity—willingness to pay for brand names; and (4) heavy vs. light consumers.  We now put these variables together to arrive at various combinations.
Several different kinds of variables can be used for segmentation. 

• Demographic variables essentially refer to personal statistics such as income, gender, education, location (rural vs. urban, East vs. West), ethnicity, and family size.  Campbell’s soup, for instance, has found that Western U.S. consumers on the average prefer spicier soups—thus, you get a different product in the same cans at the East and West coasts.  Facing flat sales of guns in the traditional male dominated market, a manufacturer came out with the Lady Remmington, a more compact, handier gun more attractive to women.  Taking this a step farther, it is also possible to segment on lifestyle and values.” 
• Some consumers want to be seen as similar to others, while a different segment wants to stand apart from the crowd. 
• Another basis for segmentation is behavior.  Some consumers are “brand loyal”—i.e., they tend to stick with their preferred brands even when a competing one is on sale.  Some consumers are “heavy” users while others are “light” users.  For example, research conducted by the wine industry shows that some 80% of the product is consumed by 20% of the consumers—presumably a rather intoxicated group. 
• One can also segment on benefits sought, essentially bypassing demographic explanatory variables.  Some consumers, for example, like scented soap (a segment likely to be attracted to brands such as Irish Spring), while others prefer the “clean” feeling of unscented soap (the “Ivory” segment).  Some consumers use toothpaste primarily to promote oral health, while another segment is more interested in breath freshening.

In the next step, we decide to target one or more segments.  Our choice should generally depend on several factors.  First, how well are existing segments served by other manufacturers?  It will be more difficult to appeal to a segment that is already well served than to one whose needs are not currently being served well.  Secondly, how large is the segment, and how can we expect it to grow?  (Note that a downside to a large, rapidly growing segment is that it tends to attract competition).  Thirdly, do we have strengths as a company that will help us appeal particularly to one group of consumers?  Firms may already have an established reputation.  While McDonald’s has a great reputation for fast, consistent quality, family friendly food, it would be difficult to convince consumers that McDonald’s now offers gourmet food.  Thus, McD’s would probably be better off targeting families in search of consistent quality food in nice, clean restaurants.

Positioning involves implementing our targeting.  For example, Apple Computer has chosen to position itself as a maker of user-friendly computers.  Thus, Apple has done a lot through its advertising to promote itself, through its unintimidating icons, as a computer for “non-geeks.”  The Visual C software programming language, in contrast, is aimed a “techies.”

Michael Treacy and Fred Wiersema suggested in their 1993 book The Discipline of Market Leaders that most successful firms fall into one of three categories:

• Operationally excellent firms, which maintain a strong competitive advantage by maintaining exceptional efficiency, thus enabling the firm to provide reliable service to the customer at a significantly lower cost than those of less well organized and well run competitors.  The emphasis here is mostly on low cost, subject to reliable performance, and less value is put on customizing the offering for the specific customer.  Wal-Mart is an example of this discipline.  Elaborate logistical designs allow goods to be moved at the lowest cost, with extensive systems predicting when specific quantities of supplies will be needed.
• Customer intimate firms, which excel in serving the specific needs of the individual customer well.  There is less emphasis on efficiency, which is sacrificed for providing more precisely what is wanted by the customer.  Reliability is also stressed.  Nordstrom’s and IBM are examples of this discipline.
• Technologically excellent firms, which produce the most advanced products currently available with the latest technology, constantly maintaining leadership in innovation.  These firms, because they work with costly technology that need constant refinement, cannot be as efficient as the operationally excellent firms and often cannot adapt their products as well to the needs of the individual customer.  Intel is an example of this discipline.

Treacy and Wiersema suggest that in addition to excelling on one of the three value dimensions, firms must meet acceptable levels on the other two.  Wal-Mart, for example, does maintain some level of customer service.  Nordstrom’s and Intel both must meet some standards of cost effectiveness.  The emphasis, beyond meeting the minimum required level in the two other dimensions, is on the dimension of strength.
Repositioning involves an attempt to change consumer perceptions of a brand, usually because the existing position that the brand holds has become less attractive.  Sears, for example, attempted to reposition itself from a place that offered great sales but unattractive prices the rest of the time to a store that consistently offered “everyday low prices.”  Repositioning in practice is very difficult to accomplish.  A great deal of money is often needed for advertising and other promotional efforts, and in many cases, the repositioning fails.

To effectively attempt repositioning, it is important to understand how one’s brand and those of competitors are perceived.  One approach to identifying consumer product perceptions is multidimensional scaling.  Here, we identify how products are perceived on two or more “dimensions,” allowing us to plot brands against each other.  It may then be possible to attempt to “move” one’s brand in a more desirable direction by selectively promoting certain points.  There are two main approaches to multi-dimensional scaling.  In the a prioriapproach, market researchers identify dimensions of interest and then ask consumers about their perceptions on each dimension for each brand.  This is useful when (1) the market researcher knows which dimensions are of interest and (2) the customer’s perception on each dimension is relatively clear (as opposed to being “made up” on the spot to be able to give the researcher a desired answer).  In the similarity rating approach, respondents are not asked about their perceptions of brands on any specific dimensions.  Instead, subjects are asked to rate the extent of similarity of different pairs of products (e.g., How similar, on a scale of 1-7, is Snicker’s to Kitkat, and how similar is Toblerone to Three Musketeers?)  Using a computer algorithms, the computer then identifies positions of each brand on a map of a given number of dimensions.  The computer does not reveal what each dimension means—that must be left to human interpretation based on what the variations in each dimension appears to reveal.  This second method is more useful when no specific product dimensions have been identified as being of particular interest or when it is not clear what the variables of difference are for the product category.

10 hal yang diketahui untuk strategi sosial media Anda..

10 SURPRISING SOCIAL MEDIA STATISTICS THAT WILL MAKE YOU RETHINK YOUR SOCIAL STRATEGY

KNOW WHAT THE FASTEST-GROWING DEMOGRAPHIC ON TWITTER IS? OR HOW MANY NEW MEMBERS JOIN LINKEDIN EVERY SECOND? THE ANSWERS WILL SURPRISE YOU!

BY BELLE BETH COOPER

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If you’re managing social media for your business, it might be useful to know about some of the most surprising social media statistics this year. Here are 10 that might make you rethink the way you’re approaching social media.

1. THE FASTEST GROWING DEMOGRAPHIC ON TWITTER IS THE 55–64 YEAR AGE BRACKET.

• This demographic has grown 79% since 2012.
• The 45–54 year age bracket is the fastest growing demographic on both Facebook and Google+.
• For Facebook, this group has jumped 46%.
• For Google+, 56%.

Those are impressive numbers against the prevailing idea that social media is "just for teenagers." It certainly points to the importance of having a solid social media strategy if these age brackets fit into your target demographic.

Rethink it: Keep older users in mind when using social media, particularly on these three platforms. Our age makes a difference to our taste and interests, so if you’re focusing on younger users with the content you post, you could be missing an important demographic.

2. 189 MILLION OF FACEBOOK’S USERS ARE "MOBILE ONLY"

Not only does Facebook have millions of users who don’t access it from a desktop or laptop, but mobile use generates 30% of Facebook’s ad revenue as well. This is a 7% increase from the end of 2012 already.

Rethink it: There are probably more users accessing Facebook from mobile devices than you thought. It’s worth considering how your content displays on mobile devices and smaller screens before posting it, particularly if your target market is full of mobile users. Of course, make sure to make sharing to social media from mobilemore straightforward.

3. YOUTUBE REACHES MORE U.S. ADULTS AGED 18–34 THAN ANY CABLE NETWORK

Did you think TV was the best way to reach the masses? Well if you’re after 18–34 year olds in the U.S., you’ll have more luck reaching them through YouTube. Of course, one video won’t necessarily reach more viewers than a cable network could, but utilizing a platform with such a wide user base makes a lot of sense.

Rethink it: If you’ve been putting off adding video to your strategy, now’s the time to give it a go. You could start small with simple five-minute videos explaining what your company does or introducing your team.

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4. EVERY SECOND TWO NEW MEMBERS JOIN LINKEDIN

LinkedIn, the social network for professionals, continues to grow every second. From groups to blogs to job listings, this platform is a rich source of information and conversation for professionals who want to connect to others in their industry.

Rethink it: LinkedIn is definitely worth paying attention to. In particular, this is a place where you may want to focus more on new users. Making your group or community a great source of information and a newbie-friendly space can help you to make the most out of the growing userbase.

Make sure you share consistently to your LinkedIn company page and profile by, for example, scheduling your posts.

5. SOCIAL MEDIA HAS OVERTAKEN PORN AS THE NO. 1 ACTIVITY ON THE WEB

We all knew social media was popular, but this popular? Apparently it’s the most common thing we do online. So next time you find yourself watching Kitten vs. Watermelon videos on Facebook, you can at least console yourself with the fact that the majority of people online right now are doing something similar.

Social media carries more weight than ever. It’s clearly not a fad, or a phase. It continues to grow as a habit, and new platforms continue to appear and develop.

Rethink it: Putting time and effort into your social media strategy clearly makes sense in light of these stats. If you weren’t already serious about social media, you might want to give it a bit more of your time now.

6. LINKEDIN HAS A LOWER PERCENTAGE OF ACTIVE USERS THAN PINTEREST, GOOGLE+, TWITTER AND FACEBOOK

Although LinkedIn is gathering new users at a fast rate, the number of active users is lower than most of the biggest social networks around. So more people are signing up, but they’re not participating. This means you’re probably not going to have as good a response with participatory content on LinkedIn, like contests or polls, as you might on Facebook or Twitter.

Rethink it: If you’re hoping to get people involved, think about which platforms are best for that. Looking at the latest Twitter statistics and Facebook statistics, these platforms might be a better place for your contest or survey, while passive content like blog posts or slide decks might be just right for your LinkedIn audience.

7. 93% OF MARKETERS USE SOCIAL MEDIA FOR BUSINESS

Only 7% of marketers say they don’t use social media for their business. That means there are lots of people out there getting involved and managing a social media strategy. It’s becoming more common to include social media as part of an overall marketing budget or strategy, as opposed to when it was the outlier that no one wanted to spend time or money on.

Rethink it: If you’re struggling to make your strategy work, or you just want some advice, you don’t have to go it alone. If 93% of marketers are using social media for business, you can probably find someone to give you a hand. Plus, there are lots of blogs, videos and slide decks around to help you out. Be sure to find the right social media management tool for you to stay on top of everything.

8. 25% OF SMARTPHONE OWNERS AGES 18–44 SAY THEY CAN’T RECALL THE LAST TIME THEIR SMARTPHONE WASN’T NEXT TO THEM

It’s pretty clear that mobile is a growing space that we need to pay attention to. And we’ve all heard the cliché of smartphone owners who don’t want to let go of their phones, even for five minutes. Well, apparently that’s not too far from the truth. If 25% of people aged 18–44 can’t remember not having their phone with them, there are probably very few times when they’re not connected to the web in some way.

Rethink it: While you can reach people almost anytime, since they have their smartphones with them almost always, this also means you can interrupt pretty much any part of their lives. Don’t forget that having a phone in your pocket all the time isn’t the same as being available all the time.

9. EVEN THOUGH 62% OF MARKETERS BLOG OR PLAN TO BLOG IN 2013, ONLY 9% OF US MARKETING COMPANIES EMPLOY A FULL-TIME BLOGGER

Blogging is clearly a big focus for marketers who want to take advantage of social media and content marketing. This is great, because blogging for your business has lots of advantages: you can control your company blog, you can set the tone and use it to market your product, share company news or provide interesting information for your customers. With only 9% of marketing companies hiring bloggers full-time, however, the pressure to produce high-quality content consistently will be a lot higher.

What a lot of people struggle here is how to write the best headlines for your articles, when the best time is to publish posts and lots of other blogging questions that arise when people are starting out.

(Of course, not all marketers work at marketing companies, but the stats are still interesting--how many companies in any industry can afford to hire--or already have--a full-time blogger?)

Rethink it: If you don’t have (or can’t afford) a full-time blogger for your business, be aware that having a content strategy that requires consistently posting on your blog will mean a lot of work for your marketing team and/or other team members in your company to keep up that volume. This can work, it’s just important to realize how big a task it is to run with a full-time content strategy without a full-time content creator.

10. 25% OF FACEBOOK USERS DON’T BOTHER WITH PRIVACY SETTINGS

We’ve seen a lot of news about social media companies and privacy. Facebook itself has been in the news several times over privacy issues, Instagram users recently got in a kerfuffle over changing their terms of service, and the recent NSA news has seen people become more conscious of their privacy online.

But despite these high-profile cases of security-conscious users pushing back against social networks and web services, Velocity Digital reports that 25% of Facebook users don’t even look at their privacy settings.

Rethink it: Assuming that all of your customers are thinking along the same lines could be a big mistake. Especially if you’re basing that on what you’ve heard or read in the tech news. Remember that your customers might have very different priorities than what you expect.

Your social media strategy really comes down to what your goals are, and who your target customers are, but it doesn’t hurt to pay attention to the trends happening across the web. Hopefully these stats will help you to identify trends that will affect your strategy and adjust accordingly.

For more social media studies take a look at this post.

--Belle Beth Cooper is a Content Crafter at Buffer and Co-founder of Hello Code. Follow her on Twitter at @BelleBethCooper.

This post originally appeared on Buffer, and is reprinted with permission.

Apasih VOIP ?

VoIP Telepon Sistem

Orang-orang di seluruh dunia yang terhubung ke kolega, manajer, dan orang yang dicintai melalui penggunaan VoIP, telepon Voice over Internet Protocol sistem. Sistem ini masih relatif baru ke pasar telekomunikasi dan konsumen perlu memahami keburukan dan kebaikan dari produk ini sebelum membuat komitmen keuangan.

1. Definisi VoIP sistem telepon

Semua orang di seluruh dunia yang akrab dengan line sistem telepon tanah tradisional dan ponsel, karena mereka adalah bagian di mana-mana bekerja dan bermain. Namun, pengenalan VoIP telah dikaitkan dengan peningkatan aksesibilitas dari Internet di seluruh dunia. Hal ini dapat dipahami, karena sistem telepon VoIP bergantung pada koneksi internet dari beberapa jenis agar dapat berfungsi. Telepon VoIP sistem speaker terhubung satu sama lain melalui koneksi jaringan ke Internet. Sebuah protokol Internet didirikan melalui penyedia VoIP yang memungkinkan pengguna jaringan telepon terhubung ke pengguna VoIP atau pengguna sistem telepon tradisional. VoIP protokol menetapkan satu dari dua cara di mana orang dapat berbicara satu sama lain. Protokol yang paling umum adalah DID, atau Direct panggilan ke dalam (Direct Inward Dialing), di mana dua komputer yang terhubung melalui jaringan tertentu. Koneksi ini memberikan komunikasi dan jernih karena kecepatan koneksi langsung dan bahwa protokol ini menawarkan. Sedikitnya jumlah perusahaan yang telah memeluk VoIP di seluruh dunia berarti bahwa jaringan selular bisa menjadi urusan campuran. Penyedia layanan VoIP nomor akses dapat digunakan untuk memungkinkan pengguna komputer untuk menghubungi nomor di telepon VoIP Anda dan terhubung ke sistem telepon biasa. Sementara masa depan poin VoIP untuk adopsi peningkatan layanan ini, jaringan selular telah dibentuk untuk menangani platform komunikasi yang berbeda.

2. Menemukan Perusahaan VoIP Phone System Kanan

Konsumen telah meratapi masalah pilihan dan tawar-menawar yang terbaik dalam mencari layanan telepon yang tepat selama bertahun-tahun. Masalahnya biasanya jumlah menit yang ditawarkan oleh perusahaan ponsel atau tarif jarak jauh oleh penyedia garis tanah. Sementara VoIP sistem telepon membawa berbagai manfaat bagi mereka, pelanggan masih perlu berurusan dengan mencari penyedia layanan yang tepat lokal. Ada beberapa faktor yang masuk ke memilih telepon VoIP sistem perusahaan yang tepat untuk kebutuhan pelanggan. Hal ini penting untuk mempertimbangkan pertama, kemampuan teknologi dari kantor rumah atau bisnis sebelum membeli peralatan VoIP. Sebuah koneksi yang lambat atau peralatan miskin dapat jaringan telepon kurang dari bintang. Perusahaan VoIP biasanya menawarkan menit terbatas oleh sifat dari teknologi jaringan telepon saat ini. Perusahaan yang tidak menawarkan unlimited menit harus dipertimbangkan dipertanyakan, karena sulit bagi perusahaan-perusahaan untuk mengetahui menit dihabiskan untuk VoIP. Selain itu, banyak perusahaan VoIP menawarkan tarif pengantar pada biaya telepon VoIP atau bulanan dimuka untuk menarik pelanggan baru. Orang-orang tertarik pada VoIP hanya harus mengambil keuntungan dari kesepakatan tersebut, jika perusahaan adalah bahwa mereka telah menyelidiki dan bertekad untuk bekerja dengan. Akhirnya, pengguna VoIP harus memanggil perwakilan layanan pelanggan untuk mengajukan pertanyaan mereka mungkin tentang layanan perusahaan. Dengan cara ini, mereka dapat menilai tingkat pelayanan kepada pertanyaan yang sah bisa dijawab.

3. Ekonomi Manfaat Sistem Telepon VoIP di Kantor

Orang-orang bisnis dan pemilik sama-sama memilih sistem telepon VoIP karena mereka umumnya lebih murah daripada garis tanah tradisional atau ponsel. Sistem telepon tradisional memerlukan biaya instalasi, rencana lokal, layanan jarak jauh yang dapat dengan cepat menambahkan bisnis. Ponsel juga mahal, memerlukan pembayaran layanan sederhana rencana, biaya bulanan, dan komitmen jangka panjang untuk penawaran terbaik. Ada sejumlah manfaat ekonomi untuk kantor yang ingin menggunakan sistem telepon VoIP. Biaya awal sistem VoIP relatif kecil, biaya biasanya hanya diperlukan untuk program telepon dan jaringan. Biaya-biaya ini dapat membantu mengurangi biaya jangka pendek untuk usaha kecil yang membutuhkan alat komunikasi penting. Selain itu, biaya bulanan layanan IP telephony biasanya lebih murah jangka panjang garis tanah, karena mereka hanya membutuhkan koneksi jaringan. Manfaat ekonomi akhir sistem telepon VoIP di kantor adalah bahwa penggunaan mobile Internet dapat memungkinkan para profesional untuk multitask, yang meningkatkan efisiensi. Pekerja dapat mengkoordinasikan file online dengan pengguna VoIP saat berbicara kepada mereka tentang persyaratan proyek.

4. Kejelasan dan fungsionalitas yang ditawarkan oleh Sistem VoIP Phone

Selain keuntungan finansial dari layanan telepon IP, ada juga hambatan fungsional untuk mengkonversi ke VoIP. Menggunakan koneksi jaringan kecepatan tinggi, terutama dalam teknologi komputer terbaru, memastikan bahwa orang yang berbicara menggunakan VoIP memiliki sinyal yang kuat ketika berbicara dengan klien penting atau kolega. Kejelasan sistem IP telephony adalah unik, terutama dibandingkan dengan tongkat atau hilangnya kejelasan ponsel. Namun, kejelasan adalah hanya satu faktor yang menyebabkan banyak konsumen ke jaringan dari sistem telepon. Bahkan, ponsel ini adalah pengguna yang sangat fungsional dan menawarkan berbagai pilihan sistem telepon yang lainnya kurang. Sistem pasar massal yang menawarkan jaringan telepon VoIP mulai menggunakan klik untuk memanggil layanan yang dapat membantu pemilik baru VoIP untuk memecahkan masalah dukungan pelanggan. Dengan mengklik tombol di telepon VoIP atau komputer, Anda dapat berbicara dengan agen layanan pelanggan untuk menangani kasus-kasus teknis atau penagihan. Juga, telepon VoIP mobile dan memungkinkan fungsi jaringan ganda, sementara komitmen ini dengan pengguna lain VoIP. Orang-orang bisnis dapat bekerja pada laporan atau memperoleh informasi dari jaringan kantor mereka ketika berbicara dengan garis tanah atau pengguna VoIP. Mereka dapat melakukan pekerjaan mereka di rumah, di kantor yang berbeda, atau di bagian yang berbeda dari dunia, asalkan ada koneksi jaringan yang tersedia.

5. VoIP sistem telepon dan bekerja dari rumah

Pekerja di seluruh dunia bergerak jauh dari posisi lini produksi di kantor atau kantor satelit atau di rumah. Alasan mengapa banyak pekerja yang meninggalkan tempat kerja untuk mendapatkan gaji Anda adalah teknologi yang memungkinkan mereka untuk membuat langkah ini. Koneksi internet lebih cepat, biaya rendah dari peralatan komputer, dan kebutuhan untuk menurunkan biaya fasilitas telah menyebabkan perusahaan untuk mendorong karyawan mereka untuk bekerja di luar kantor. Sistem jaringan telepon dan pembayaran bulanan yang relatif murah dari sistem ini membantu untuk memfasilitasi bekerja dari rumah atau kantor satelit. Pekerja waktu wiraswasta atau sebagian keuntungan dari sistem telepon VoIP, karena mereka mendapatkan keuntungan dari jaringan internet dan sistem telepon. Perusahaan menggunakan IP telephony memiliki kebutuhan untuk menghubungkan karyawan untuk jaringan mereka, sehingga telepon VoIP yang berfungsi penuh. Selain itu, telepon jaringan memungkinkan konprensi homeworker melalui telepon dengan rekan-rekan di kantor perusahaan, sementara berbagi file melalui koneksi Internet yang cepat. Satu-satunya pertanyaan yang muncul untuk bekerja jarak jauh melalui sistem VoIP adalah masalah jaringan yang timbul dari kombinasi transfer telekomunikasi dan informasi informasi.

6. Peningkatan Konektivitas Global Melalui Sistem Telepon VoIP

Salah satu alasan untuk sistem telepon VoIP telah menikmati kesuksesan di pasar tempano solusi bisnis adalah portabilitas dari sistem ini. Tidak seperti sistem garis tanah, yang membutuhkan penggunaan stasioner di kantor atau rumah, sistem telepon VoIP memiliki telepon tanpa kabel dan koneksi internet. Pengusaha yang bepergian ke luar negeri atau hanya jalan yang dapat menghubungkan ponsel Anda ke koneksi jaringan VoIP di sebuah kamar hotel atau daerah konferensi. Penyedia sistem telepon VoIP menggunakan mobilitas ini sebagai titik penjualan untuk bisnis mencari konektivitas global yang lebih besar. Penyedia layanan IP telephony terus bekerja untuk meningkatkan konektivitas global untuk berbagai industri. Insinyur dan kontraktor rekayasa perlu menggunakan VoIP untuk berbicara dengan pelanggan dan pemasok dari tempat kerja. Penjualan orang menghubungkan mereka telepon VoIP mana saja yang mereka bisa untuk berbicara dengan pelanggan dan manajer manajemen ketika mereka mencoba untuk meningkatkan keuntungan mereka. Orang yang bepergian di seluruh dunia atau pergi ke tempat yang jauh dengan menggunakan VoIP bukan ponsel untuk mendapatkan koneksi terbaik.

7. VoIP Telepon Sistem vs Sistem Telepon Tradisional

Konsumen perlu berpikir tentang telekomunikasi Anda perlu sebelum meninggalkan sistem lama Anda untuk telepon VoIP. Sementara kebanyakan orang memiliki akses ke komputer dan internet, mungkin tidak selalu perlu untuk menambahkan layanan IP telephony di rumah. Sistem darat yang ideal untuk keluarga yang tidak memiliki akses ke jaringan yang cepat di rumah atau memerlukan saluran telepon ketika ada pemadaman listrik. Setelah semua, kecepatan jaringan internet sangat penting untuk mendapatkan hasil maksimal dari VoIP. Ponsel adalah suatu keharusan bagi keluarga yang ingin tetap berhubungan dengan orang yang dicintai sementara jauh dari rumah. Ponsel ini mirip dengan garis dalam arti bahwa mereka dapat beroperasi tanpa pasokan listrik, menggunakan baterai lithium untuk menjaga saluran telepon terbuka. Pertanyaan sebenarnya bagi konsumen adalah apakah mereka membutuhkan ponsel dalam kasus Anda sudah memiliki garis tanah atau sistem telepon VoIP. The IP konsumen layanan telepon rata-rata adalah salah satu yang biasanya banyak bepergian. Sebuah rumah dengan sistem telepon VoIP termasuk peralatan jaringan internet dan komputer yang cepat diperbarui untuk memaksimalkan kekuatan jaringan telepon. Bisnis wisatawan atau orang-orang yang memiliki pertemuan di tempat yang jauh dapat mengambil laptop dan telepon VoIP atas Anda dengan mereka untuk diberitahu. Pada dasarnya, VoIP adalah pelanggan yang ingin tetap berhubungan di mana pun mereka berada.

8. Potong melalui janji-janji VoIP Telepon Sistem

Seperti produk baru lainnya, sistem telepon VoIP diiklankan sebagai solusi untuk masalah komunikasi di seluruh dunia. Perusahaan telepon jaringan koneksi berjanji tak berujung, suara yang jernih, dan alternatif biaya rendah untuk garis tanah tradisional atau sistem ponsel. Sementara konsumen mungkin tertarik dalam VoIP sebagai pilihan di rumah atau tempat kerja, harus mampu menembus jaringan menjanjikan penyedia layanan telepon. Setelah memahami motif iklan VoIP, konsumen dapat membuat keputusan yang lebih baik. Penyedia layanan VoIP dalam iklan mereka berjanji kemampuan hampir tak terbatas untuk berbicara dengan orang di seluruh dunia. Janji ini berasal dari aliran konstan koneksi jaringan, tanpa gangguan dari saluran sibuk. Namun, jaringan mobile didasarkan pada dua alat yang sangat penting: listrik dan koneksi jaringan yang baik. Sambungan telepon rumah biasanya didukung oleh generator melalui perusahaan telepon, sementara VoIP garis dimatikan ketika listrik padam. Juga, jika koneksi jaringan dimatikan, telepon VoIP tidak dapat terhubung dengan pengguna lainnya. Sementara telepon penyedia jaringan mencoba untuk menjual produk mereka kepada perusahaan yang membutuhkan mobilitas yang lebih besar, dapat menyebabkan masalah dengan solusi bisnis VoIP. Paket perangkat lunak yang digunakan untuk VoIP sistem, bersama dengan masalah jaringan dapat menyebabkan masalah untuk faks. Selain itu, peningkatan lalu lintas jaringan yang disebabkan oleh sistem bisnis VoIP dapat menurunkan kecepatan dari dua panggilan VoIP dan fitur jaringan. Konsumen, setidaknya pada generasi pertama ponsel VoIP, mungkin harus menghabiskan beberapa baris IP untuk mempertahankan jaringan yang kuat dan panggilan telepon yang jelas.

9. Masa Depan Sistem Telepon VoIP

Kenaikan baru-baru ini sistem telepon VoIP di pasar konsumen hanya generasi pertama dari produk ini. Setelah semua, jaringan telepon dalam tahap bayi, dan masih ada sejumlah isu teknologi untuk mengatasi sebelum produk akhir sepenuhnya fungsional. Masalah di atas dengan VoIP dan janji mengembangkan teknologi internet selama dekade berikutnya akan bergabung untuk menciptakan masa depan yang cerah bagi pengguna VoIP. Ada beberapa cara di mana jaringan selular dapat diarahkan untuk memberikan produk yang lebih baik bagi konsumen rata-rata. Penyedia layanan telepon VoIP terus bekerja pada koneksi jaringan dan aspek protokol internet dari bisnis mereka. Daripada memaksa pelanggan untuk memiliki dua rute IP khusus untuk bisnis dan komunikasi, penelitian dan pengembangan staf yang bekerja pada cara untuk meningkatkan fungsi telepon jaringan data ganda. Selain itu, penyedia layanan telepon jaringan yang meningkatkan kejelasan dan panggilan menghubungkan berkesinambungan melalui layanan VoIP. Namun, daerah di mana sistem telepon jaringan mungkin berakhir meningkatkan pada dekade berikutnya digunakan ponsel untuk layanan VoIP. Jaringan penyedia layanan VoIP menderita masalah yang sama dengan perusahaan ponsel memiliki dua dekade lalu. Sebagai dekade berikutnya berlalu, telepon VoIP menjadi lebih kecil, lebih kompak, dan dapat lebih mudah terhubung ke jaringan internet di seluruh dunia. Portabilitas ini akan memungkinkan konsumen untuk menggunakan produk lebih mudah telephony rede dan menambah keseluruhan cakupan layanan VoIP.

Harga dinamis sesuai profil customer, bisakah?

Dynamic pricing: The next frontier in customer relationship management?

Last month, B&Q announced that it had begun testing a new dynamic pricing system that changes the price of products depending on a customer’s profile. Under the scheme, loyal customers that purchase from the retailer often will be rewarded with discounts and special offers whilst less-frequent customers will be offered a different price.

The Wi-Fi connected price tags placed at the edge of the shelves will identify loyal customers by a  chip in their mobile phone that will deliver their loyalty card data and change the price of the item accordingly.

Currently trialling at B&Q’s Castorama stores in France, the retailer is planning to roll-out the scheme to stores in the UK later this year. Ian Cheshire, chief executive of B&Q’s parent company Kingfisher, told the Daily Mail: “We have done various behind-the-scenes tests. It’s all about special offers for individuals where we are looking at bundling offers or giving discounts.”

Cheshire added that the retailer is considering introducing a pricing model similar to that used by airlines, which changes product prices depending on the day of the week and according to demand. It is hoped that offering cheaper prices during off-peak times will help bring shoppers into the store during quiet times.

The B&Q boss said: “We could move to dynamic pricing and mimic the model used by easyJet. Yield management techniques are not new – it’s just they haven’t traditionally been used in retailing.

“Pricing could be adjusted based on time of day. I am on the board of Premier Inn owner Whitbread and when I joined they had two different prices for their hotel rooms – now it’s 10,000. Look at how the airlines work and what you can do online, people are used to that.”

Consumer reaction

But will people get used to seeing this new kind of pricing system on the High Street or will there be a backlash from consumers worried about a new two-tier pricing structure?

Dagmar Klein, strategy director at global marketing and technology agency DigitasLBi, believes that these new electronic price tags may cause confusion amongst customers. “What if a non-eligible customer sees the discounted price because he stands next to a loyal customer in front of the shelf?

Rupert Cook, director of g2 Field Marketing, is also wary of how consumers will take to the proposed new pricing structure. “A move towards real-time is in many ways inevitable and it’s not necessarily a bad thing, but any transition towards more dynamic models of pricing must begin and end with the consumer. While other stores will adopt schemes such as this, if I were a brand I would be slightly wary of pushing consumers further towards price-based decision-making.”

“It is important to allow customers to choose the price they want to pay: whether they collect reward points, hunt for coupons or simply pay the regular price. But if customers need to pay a higher price because a data scientist has estimated their willingness to pay a little more for the same product, it might leave a bad taste in their mouth,” he says.

Honey Kirtley, solution marketing, head of insight and loyalty at The Logic Group, agrees, and warns that unless retailers carefully manage the programme, it is likely to anger customers as they feel excluded from offers and discounts.

“To build a relationship with customers the retailer must build trust and act in a transparent manner. Dynamic pricing has the potential to alienate a segment or demographic of the customer base, through the perception of a two tier pricing structure.”

However, if done right and used in conjunction with targeted couponing, she believes that retailers could more effectively target different societal segments that visit stores at different times of the day.

Kirtley says: “For example a new report from Warwick Business School found that generally older people, young families and the unemployed are likely to shop in the morning, whereas in the afternoon and evening this tends to revert to younger people and workers. By taking this type of approach this could actually have a very positive impact on sales and build customer relationships more effectively through a more targeted approach.”

The rise of the omnichannel customer, shifting seamlessly between digital and traditional channels and often whilst still in the store, is forcing retailers to react and make changes. Heikki Haldre, co-founder and chief executive of virtual fitting room solution companyFits.me, echoes Cook’s sentiment that a move towards-real time technology in-store is inevitable.

“B&Q’s plans reflect the retail priority to invest in innovative in-store technologies in order to engage shoppers and combat the growing showrooming trend. With a number of new technologies hitting the market, from virtual fitting rooms to loyalty cards and personalised offers, the challenge for retailers is deciding which solution is the best investment in order to improve the overall bottom line. For the tech-savvy shopper, a personalised shopping experience is no longer a preference, it’s an expectation – and those retailers that can deliver a vastly improved experience are more likely to see their customers complete purchases immediately rather than watch them wander to a competitor.”

High Street saviour

So can dynamic pricing take the experience that one step further and actually help retailers drive loyalty and boost sales?

Gavin Dein, Founder and CEO of loyalty technology provider Reward, doesn’t think so. “To successfully foster and deliver strong customer loyalty, these programmes must effectively marry several channels – digital, transactional and in-store – to deliver tailored deals and promotions that drive a customer back to the shop floor for repeat purchases.

“This new pricing system doesn’t achieve this. It lacks the sophistication to develop a strong, personal relationship with the consumer. It is hopeful rather than tactical – simply implementing a quirky way of giving a customer, that is already in the store and likely to purchase anyway, a discount in the hope that once they leave they will choose to return.”

He adds that other retailers will be watching from the side lines of the success of the scheme before implementing dynamic pricing programmes themselves. And, even if it can develop demonstrable sales growth and ROI, Dein doubts whether dynamic pricing will come to be favoured over other emerging loyalty schemes, such as card-linked offers.

Cook is also doubtful, claiming that the scheme could actually be “detrimental” to the High Street. He says: “The experience of shopping is the USP that makes the high street so important to the retail industry. In a highly competitive marketplace, brands need to be doing everything they can to create separation between themselves and their rivals, particularly in large multiple, superstore retailers. This means taking a core message and delivering it right the way through the line.”

Kirtley, however, has a much more optimistic view of the future of dynamic pricing: “It is already commonplace for High Street retailers to offer customers price discounts on products at peak times. Dynamic pricing however, when coupled with aligned targeted offers and a cohesive multi- channel strategy that encompasses online, mobile and in- store, does have the potential to boost sales and improve campaign ROI. When managed correctly it can also enable retailers to provide a more personal and unique experience during more challenging times.”

Do you think retailers risk alienating consumers with dynamic pricing or do you think it could help save the High Street?